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Custodial Interference in Arizona | A.R.S. §13-1302

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Custodial Interference in Arizona | A.R.S. §13-1302

By DM Cantor, a Top-Ranking Criminal Defense firm in Arizona for the last 6 years in a row by Ranking Arizona Magazine!  (2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025)

The Best Arizona Criminal Defense Lawyer - Ranking Arizona Logo- DM Cantor
DM Cantor, Best Criminal Defense, DUI and Sex Crimes Lawyer in Arizona

DM Cantor’s Board Certified Criminal Law Specialists (Left to Right) Managing Partner, Christine Whalin; Founding Partner, David Michael Cantor

Over 165 Complete Criminal Jury Trial Acquittals (i.e., Not Guilty on All Charges).  The most in Arizona history by a single law firm!

Plus an additional 200+ Miscellaneous Crimes Pre-Indictment “Turn-Downs,” Dismissals, and Charge Reduction Miscellaneous Crimes Victories!

Beware of Miscellaneous Crimes Crimes Defense “Pretenders”:  Any law firm or Attorney can have DM Cantor’s Phoenix Miscellaneous Crimes Attorney and Miscellaneous Crimes Lawyer website information re-written by artificial intelligence (AI), and then they can post it online as their own “knowledge base.”  But they cannot falsely list our Jury Trial Complete Acquittals, or Board Certifications as their own.  Also, many Attorneys claim that they “Specialize” in defending Miscellaneous Crimes charges or Criminal Defense, but only a “Board-Certified Criminal Law Specialist” is allowed by the State Bar of Arizona to use this title as their own, per the Arizona Board of Legal Specialization.

Board Certified Criminal Law Specialization

Board Certified Specialists | Top Phoenix Sex Conduct Lawyer

As of the start of 2025, the State Bar of Arizona Board of Legal Specialization listed only 62 Criminal Law Specialists in the entire State.  Of these 62, only 41 are located in Maricopa County and are allowed to handle private cases.  DM Cantor has 2 Board-Certified Criminal Law Specialists, no other law firm in Arizona has more.  When defending Custodial Interference Crimes Allegations, it is critical to have as many Board-Certified Criminal Law Specialists on your Legal Team as is possible.

The Specialization process is so rigorous that only 34 current Criminal Law Specialists were Certified since the turn of the Century!  In addition, all Specialists must be approved for Re-Certification every 5 years.  At DM Cantor, our 2 Board Certified Criminal Law Specialists have conducted Jury Trials on countless Custodial Interference Crimes cases.

Every Major Felony Custodial Interference Crimes case defended by DM Cantor includes at least 1 Board Certified Criminal Law Specialist on the legal team who is directly handling or supervising the Defense.

We wouldn’t have it any other way.

The Best Phoenix Custodial Interference Law Team in Arizona

How do you know who has the best Custodial Interference Legal Defense Firm in Arizona?  You begin by looking at the team’s experience.  David Michael Cantor is a former Prosecutor, and a highly experienced Custodial Interference in Arizona Attorney who became a member of the Arizona State Bar in 1989.  David then began his Arizona legal practice as an Assistant City Prosecutor for the City of Phoenix.  Considered as one of the Top Custodial Interference Crime Defense Lawyers in Arizona, he then founded his own Criminal Defense firm and Arizona Custodial Interference Crime Defense Team, DM Cantor.

David is a highly-skilled Custodial Interference Defense Lawyer who knows the Custodial Interference laws backward and forward, and he will vigorously fight the Arizona State Attorney General or County Prosecutor on your behalf. Phoenix Custodial Interference Lawyer, and Criminal Defense Attorney David Cantor, wrote this webpage in order to give you an Arizona Custodial Interference Crimes overview as to how the DM Cantor Phoenix Custodial Interference Crimes Attorney Defense Team can prove your Innocence if you have been Falsely Accused of Custodial Interference. So whether you have a single Custodial Interference charge, or multiple charges, contact DM Cantor today!

In addition to Phoenix area experience, you next look to the Custodial Interference Defense Lawyer’s Results and Certifications.  In addition to David Cantor being a Board-Certified Criminal Law Specialist, his partner (Christine Whalin) is also a Certified Criminal Law Specialists as well.  No other Arizona Criminal Defense Firm has as many Complete Jury Trial Acquittals as DM Cantor.  Click on the link below to see Questions to Ask when Interviewing a Custodial Interference Attorney to represent you in your Court case.

Beware: Be very cautious of visiting with a Criminal Law Firm who has you meet with a Non-Attorney Salesperson, rather than a Licensed Attorney.  They will then try to sell their “legal services,” even though they are not allowed by the State Bar of Arizona to give legal advice.  DM Cantor always has you meet with one of the Partners and Certified Criminal Law Specialists in our office when consulting us regarding a Custodial Interference charge.

What is Custodial Interference in Arizona?

In Arizona, per A.R.S. §13-1302, “Custodial Interference” occurs when a person who knows or has reason to know that they have no legal right to do so, takes custody of a child from another person who is either incompetent or who is entrusted to have lawful authority to have custody of the child (i.e., a school teacher).

Watch this short video where David explains Custodial Interference in Arizona:

In addition, it can occur if the child was taken before a Court Order was entered determining custodial rights, and that person withholds the child from the other parent and denies them access.

Lastly, it can occur when there is Joint Legal Custody, yet one of the parents takes the child and withholds the child from the other guardian.

This sometimes occurs when there is permission to take the child out-of-state, but the other parent intentionally fails or refuses to return or impedes the return of the child to the lawful custodian.

WARNING: Any child born out of wedlock, before paternity is established, then the mother is legal custodian and she will have the right to the child – not the biological father.

Need an AZ Custodial Interference Lawyer? Contact DM Cantor if you have been charged with Custodial Interference.  For a Free Initial Consultation, Call Us at 602-307-0808.
Click Here to go to our Companion Law Firm, Cantor Law Group, if your case also involves Family Law issues which need to be addressed immediately.

Possible Punishment for Custodial Interference

custodial interferenceIf the Custodial Interference is accomplished by a person other than the parent or agent of the parent or custodian, then this is a class three (3) felony. For a first offense class three (3) felony, punishment can be probation with zero (0) days in jail up to one (1) year in jail; or prison range of two (2) years to eight and three quarters (8.75) years in prison. If the person has one (1) allegeable historical prior conviction then the “prison only” range is three and one half (3.5) years to sixteen and one quarter (16.25) years of incarceration. If the person has two (2) allegeable historical prior convictions, then the “prison only” range is seven and one half (7.5) years to twenty-five (25) years of incarceration.

If the Custodial Interference occurs by a parent outside of this state (i.e., the child is kept in another state), then this is a class four (4) felony. For a first offense class four (4) felony, punishment can be probation with zero (0) days in jail up to one (1) year in jail; or prison of one (1) year to three and three quarters (3.75) years of incarceration. If the person has one (1) allegeable historical prior conviction, then the “prison only” range is two and one quarter (2.25) years to seven and one half (7.5) years of incarceration. If the person has two (2) allegeable historical prior convictions, then the “prison only” range is six (6) years to fifteen (15) years of incarceration.

If the Custodial Interference occurs within Arizona, and the child is not voluntarily returned prior to arrest, then this is a class six (6) felony. For a first offense a class six (6) felony, punishment can be probation with zero (0) days in jail up to one (1) year in jail; or prison of four (4) months to two (2) years of incarceration. If the person has one (1) allegeable historical prior conviction, then the “prison only” range is nine (9) months to two and three quarters (2.75) years in prison. If the person has two (2) allegeable historical prior convictions, then the “prison only” range is two and one quarter (2.25) to five and three quarters (5.75) years of incarceration.

If the Custodial Interference occurs within Arizona, and the child is voluntarily returned without physical injury prior to an arrest or issuance of an arrest warrant, then this is a class one (1) misdemeanor. The range of punishment for a class one (1) misdemeanor is anywhere from zero (0) days in jail up to six (6) months in jail, and a fine of up to $2500.00 plus an 84% surcharge, and up to three (3) years of probation (which can include classes and counseling).

Possible Defenses for Custodial Interference

Custodial Interference has numerous statutory defenses. For example, it is a defense to the charge if the Defendant had already begun the process to obtain an Order of Protection or filed a Petition for Custody within a reasonable amount of time and it states within those documents that it is the Defendant’s belief that the child was at risk if left with the other parent. Obviously, the “best interest and safety” of the child is always paramount to the law. It is also a defense if the Defendant is the child’s parent, has the right to custody, and has a good faith and reasonable belief that the taking of the child was necessary to protect the child from immediate danger. This also applies if the Defendant is a victim of Domestic Violence of the other parent and has a good faith and reasonable belief that the child would be in immediate danger if left in the custody of the other parent. These are the most common defenses to this charge, and it is important to show that the Defendant’s belief was “reasonable”. This can be accomplished by a thorough investigation involving interviews of numerous witnesses who often saw the abuse. It is important to not only interview these witnesses, but also to obtain all daycare records which might show that the child was received by daycare with some type of injury when dropped off by the other parent. You would be amazed by how many daycare facilities keep detailed records which include injuries as simple as scrapes and bruises.

The “Common Defenses” for Custodial Interference, which a Custodial Interference Lawyer may apply in any criminal case are numerous and diverse. One of most common defenses we encounter is a “Miranda rights Violation”. In Arizona, the standard of whether any inculpatory statement (i.e., a statement which tends to admit guilt) is admissible into evidence is based upon a “Voluntariness” standard. If we can demonstrate that the police coerced you (i.e., intimidated or tricked you) into making a confession or inculpatory statement, or that they did not properly read you your Miranda Rights, then we can suppress those statements and any evidence gathered as a direct result of those statements. In addition, “Denial of right to Counsel” is another common defense which is often raised. This occurs when a suspect is in custody and requests to speak to their Attorney, but is denied and questioning continues. Other defenses may include challenging the validity of any search warrant, or whether there were any “forensic flaws” during the investigation of your case. Depending on what you have been charged with, this could include exposing flawed procedures regarding blood, breath, and urine testing; fingerprints analysis; DNA testing; computer analysis/”cloning hard drive” procedures; forensic financial accounting reviews; etc. Lastly, one of the most common defenses is exposing sloppy or misleading police reports which include everything from misstatements, false statements, flawed photo line-ups and inaccurate crime scene reconstruction. It is important to hire a skilled Custodial Interference Lawyer to defend you who has knowledge of both the specific defenses and the common defenses involved in a Custodial Interference case.

It is important to hire an AV® rated law firm (the highest possible rating by Martindale Hubbell®). Also David Michael Cantor is an AZ Custodial Interference Lawyer and a Certified Criminal Law Specialist, per the Arizona Board of Legal Specialization. In addition, the Firm and all of its lawyers are listed in the Bar Register of Preeminent Lawyers®.

Click here… if you have not been charged with Custodial Interference yet, but the police are in the “pre-charge investigation stage” of your case.

Top Unlawful Flight from Police Lawyer

We are an AV® rated law firm (the highest possible rating by Martindale Hubbell®). Also David Michael Cantor is a Custodial Interference lawyer in Arizona, and a Certified Criminal Law Specialist, per the Arizona Board of Legal Specialization. In addition, the Firm and all of its lawyers are listed in the Bar Register of Preeminent Lawyers®. At DM Cantor, the majority of our Attorneys are ex-Prosecutors, and all of our Custodial Interference Lawyers in Arizona know the system well.

The Collateral Consequences Of An Custodial Interference Conviction

The effects of a Custodial Interference conviction can be devastating.  Even if a person is to receive Probation with no Jail, or a small Jail or Prison sentence, after they are released there will be lifelong effects on the Defendant.  This can involve Lifetime Probation; job restrictions; apartment/dormitory restrictions or prohibitions; Professional Licenses being Revoked; loss or severe restriction of internet privileges; etc. Check the link below for information regarding what Collateral Consequences you or a loved one might be facing.

Click to see Comprehensive List and Explanation of Collateral Consequences regarding a Custodial Interference Conviction

Mitigation

When it comes to “Mitigation” regarding a charge of Custodial Interference Crimes, it is important to start that process right away.  Not only can this help us with potentially convincing a Prosecutor to not file charges in the first place, but it may reduce the level of charges that they ultimately file.  In addition, if there is a conviction later, this can be used to help reduce any type of Sentence if there is a “Range.”  The Mitigating Factors which are considered by both the Prosecutor and the Courts includes Statutory and Non-Statutory elements.

Many items that we routinely include in our Mitigation Packages include Psychosexual Risk Evaluations; Polygraphs; Neuro-Psychological Evaluations; Counseling records; substance abuse Treatment and/or Rehabilitation; and a complete history of a person’s background.  This can include Individualized Education Plans (IEPs), medical records, Counseling records, etc.  Lastly. we often include what’s known as a “Proportionality Review/Sentencing Disparity” analysis in which we can show the Prosecutor and Court that similarly-situated Defendants received low Sentences.  Click the link below to see a more detailed list of both Statutory and Non-Statutory Mitigating Factors.

Click here to see Helpful Mitigation Information

Work with a DM Cantor Phoenix Custodial Interference Lawyer Today For a Free Consultation

For a free consultation and free case evaluation with one of our Phoenix Custodial Interference Crimes Lawyers and Criminal Defense Lawyers, call our  24 hour Phoenix Custodial Interference Defense Lawyers Hotline  at  602-307-0808  , or click here for a free consultation on any criminal cases. Our aggressive Custodial Interference Crimes Lawyers always offer free consultations for an initial visit with our Phoenix Custodial Interference Crimes Defense Attorneys. We are often considered to be the “best Custodial Interference Crimes Defense Lawyer”.

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